Sometimes error messages just don’t make sense in the context they’re given. Take 80090034, for example.
After rebuilding a computer (remotely, the joy of work from home), the computer was joined to the domain over a VPN, and the I logged in the first time over the VPN to get a profile created. The computer rebooted a few times while applications were installed, including Office 365. When I opened Outlook the first time, it automatically filled out my profile information but when I got to finish, it gave a very odd error that said, “Your computer’s Trusted Platform Module has malfunctioned.”

Everything came up exactly as it should, and Bitlocker worked fine with the TPM.
On page 4 or 5 of Google, however (and various fixes tried), one other person was claiming a similar issue, in a similar situation with an odd fix: “reconnect the VPN.”
That seemed like an unlikely fix, as my mailbox is in 365, and in my daily life I almost never connect the VPN without any issues, but at this point — two hours into the issue — it seemed easy enough to try.
Sure enough, as soon I reconnected the VPN, the Outlook profile creation finished with no errors and email started flowing in.
I’m not sure what the ACTUAL problem was. Clearly it wasn’t TPM related, so I think I hit a generic error message with a bad description.
The person suggesting reconnecting the VPN did offer this theory: “This Microsoft article titled “DPAPI MasterKey backup failures when RWDC isn’t available’ indicates that when a domain user logs in for the first time, and can’t contact a read/write domain controller, then DPAPI keys can’t be backed up. I’m guessing Office 365 uses DPAPI to store your credentials.”
This doesn’t really make complete sense, because the first time I logged in, the VPN was connected. But either way, just reconnecting the VPN worked and Office completed setup without issues.